Journal: iScience
Article Title: CD4 + to CD8 + T cell imbalance drives poor Achilles tendon repair in patients
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2025.114612
Figure Lengend Snippet: Proof of mechanism in vitro (A) Experimental setup. (B) Cytokines IFNG and IL-17 in PBMC supernatants after polarization. PBMCs were either left unpolarized (anti-CD3, anti-CD28 only), polarized into IFNG producers (anti-CD3, anti-CD28, anti-IL-4, IL-12, and IL-2), or polarized into IL-17 producers (anti-CD3, anti-CD28 anti-IFNG, IL-6, IL-23, IL-1B, and Transforming Growth Factor beta [TGFB]). Concentrations analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and given as fold to unpolarized PBMCs. (C) Exemplary images of tenocytes/T cells co-culture in wound healing assay and matrix contraction assay. Wound healing assay shows adherent tenocytes with a few T cells directly after co-culture (0 h) and strong T cell proliferation until 45 h of co-culture. Scale bars, 100 μm (length). Matrix contraction shows tenocytes and T cells in 3D co-culture in collagen gels in a 12-well plate directly after seeding and polymerization (0 h) and its decrease in size (surface area) until 65 h of incubation. n = 5 biological replicates (B and C). Statistics, Friedman test with Dunn’s multiple comparison, ∗ p ≤ 0.05 (∗), ∗∗ p ≤ 0.01. The images in (A) were adapted from Servier Medical Art ( https://smart.servier.com/ ), licensed under CC BY 4.0 ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).
Article Snippet: All proteins were quantified by DuoSet® ELISA Kits (R&D Systems) for human IFNG, human IL17, human MMP1, 2, 3 and human TIMP1.
Techniques: In Vitro, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Wound Healing Assay, Contraction Assay, Incubation, Comparison